Adam Augustus “Gus” Waterford was born in British
Columbia in 1860, the son of Alexander Waterford, a self-freed slave from
Tennessee, and Martha Griffin Waterford, a Kentucky woman. In 1865 the family
moved to Portland, where Gus grew up with several brothers and sisters. Alexander
Waterford found work as a laborer and participated actively in Republican Party
politics. Records have not come to light to substantiate the rumor that
Alexander Waterford worked as a Deputy for the Multnomah County Sherriff or
served as a Justice of the Peace in East Portland in the 1870s. He did some
kind of work for the city of Portland in 1874, for which he was paid $26. He was
a founding member of the Hayes and Wheeler Republican Club in 1876, along with
Joseph Simon, W. Lair Hill and Henry Corbett, becoming one of the first black
Republican Party activists and paving the way for his son’s career in JosephSimon’s political machine.
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From the Oregonian
June 6, 1886.
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Gus Waterford was not a large man, but he and his
brothers stood up for each other. When Gus was assaulted by Sam Glover in 1886,
his brother William came to his defense. Glover and William Waterford were each
fined $5 for the fight in front of the Snowflake Saloon. By that time Joseph
Simon was establishing a firm hold on politics everywhere in the state,
including Portland. Like big city bosses all over the country Simon made
alliances with influential men in various ethnic communities in order to bring
out the vote. In Portland, African America orators, such as JuliusCaesar, stumped for Republican candidates and brought out the Black vote.
Gus Waterford, with the help of his father who was by then a Grand Old Man of
the Party, found a place for himself in Simon’s machine. Waterford may have
been a little too outspoken for his own good. Where the Oregonian spoke admiringly of men like Caesar, who cooperated in
spreading racial stereotypes, they never spoke respectfully of Gus Waterford
and they failed to report on, or minimized, his career achievements.
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From the Oregonian
March 27, 1909. So far it has been impossible to verify that Gus Waterford
ever worked for the Multnomah County Sheriff.
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In 1896 the Oregonian
referred to Gus Waterford as “the well-known politician, ward heeler and wire
puller.” They were probably referring to his position in the Portland Fire
Department, although they never reported on the integration of that
institution. Fire Department records have not yet been unearthed to confirm the
date of Waterford’s hire, but he is acknowledged as the first African American
employee of the Fire Department. It is most likely that he was hired in the
1890s, because political warfare between two factions of the Republican Party
led Joe Simon to put pressure on the city of Portland to hire African
Americans. In 1892 Moody Scott became the first black employee of the City and
George Hardin became a Portland policeman in 1894. At some point during this
time Waterford became Portland’s first black fireman. Like Hardin, who was laid
off from the Police force in 1895, Waterford didn’t last long in the Fire
Department, but he was a strong enough ally of now U.S. Senator Joseph Simon
that he became the first African American employee of the Portland Post Office,
where he worked as a Porter and Supply Clerk.
Waterford was fired by Postmaster John Minto in 1908 in a
scandalous case that was either an attempt to blackmail Minto or a graft
operation in which Minto skimmed money from Waterford’s wages. The truth of the matter depends on what
you believe, but few powerful Portlanders at that time were willing to take the
word of a black man against a white man.
Waterford was probably in declining health when he left the Post Office,
because he died of stomach cancer in less than a year. Waterford is buried now in a family plot
somewhere in Lone Fir Cemetery, but there is no marker over his grave. His brother William lived another thirty
years, dying in 1938 of atherosclerosis.
William, who suffered from dementia, was hospitalized in the Oregon
State Hospital at the time of his death.
His cremated remains are among the thousands of unclaimed urns collected
in the Oregon State Hospital awaiting a family member to claim them.
Thanks to Sherylita
Maison Cruise of the Friends of the Golden West Hotel for the original research
that went into this article. Thanks also to the Oregon Black Pioneers for helping to preserve Oregon's black history. If you know of existing buildings or graves that relate to African American History please add them to our collection. Preserving Portland's untold history is an important job, but it doesn't come free. Please support your local historian www.patreon.com/jdchandler
